耐酸胶泥用于脱硫烟囱防腐的可行性初探

结合一失败案例，探讨了耐酸胶泥内衬用于脱硫烟囱排烟筒防腐的技术可行性。从设计、施工、材料特性等方面进行了分析，得出了耐酸胶泥内衬在脱硫后湿烟囱排烟筒中应慎用的结论。     

湿法烟气脱硫烟囱防腐技术探讨

介绍了湿法脱硫烟气的特点、腐蚀性；探讨了湿法脱硫火电厂烟囱的选型原则；重点讨论了钢烟囱的防腐设计，并对内衬的选型提出了建议。     

Sampling and determination of carbonyls in stack gas

Ｓｏｍｅａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅｓａｎｄｋｅｔｏｎｅｓａｒｅｔｏｘｉｃａｎｄｃａｒｃｉｎｏｇｅｎｉｃ．Ｔｏｔｈｅｐｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅｓａｎｄｋｅｔｏｎｅｓ，ａｇｒｅａｔａｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐａｉｄａｌｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ．Ｔｈｅ...     

固体电解质SO_2（SO_3）传感器测定烟道气中的SO_2

本文论述了利用北京科技大学研制的固体电解质ＳＯ２（ＳＯ３）传感器对测定烟道气中的ＳＯ２进行的研究。利用该传感器测定烟道气中的ＳＯ２，其测量范围为：５０—１７０００ｍｇ／ｍ３，相对标准偏差小于４．０％。因而具有测量范围宽，精确度高以及稳定性好的特点。设计的试验样机的总体噪声和漂移小于１．０ｍｇ／ｍ３，同时具有体积小．重量轻和操作简单的特点。     

Impact of nonuniform reactant flow rate on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks

ABSTRACT

In this study, a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack composed of five cells in series is numerically investigated to study the impact of the nonuniform reactant flow rate on the performance of the stack. A comparison of the water concentration, temperature, reaction heat source, and current density of change rule of two groups of fuel cell stacks with uniform and nonuniform reactant flow rate reveals the performance degradation mechanism caused by nonuniform reactant flow. The results indicate that while operating under low-voltage conditions, the nonuniform reactant flow rate will cause the accumulation of excess liquid water near the PEM that is near the cathode exhaust outlet, and the local area reacts strongly on the catalyst, whereas the local area reacts slowly. When the average voltage of the stack is 0.55 V, the current density under the nonuniform reactant flow rate condition is 12.9% lower than that of the uniform reactant flow rate condition. In the case of uniform and nonuniform reactant flow rate at low current densities, the performance difference is not evident, but it is expected to be pronounced with the increase in current density. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data reported in the literature through a polarization curve, and they turn out to be well correlated with the experimental results.     

燃煤电厂烟囱降雨机理分析

针对国内大部分燃煤电厂取消GGH后普遍出现的“烟囱雨”现象,通过对某电厂进行现场烟气采样,收集烟囱降雨、烟道和烟囱冷凝水、和脱硫浆液等样品,通过离子色谱与XPS等方法分析各样品中的元素组分变化规律;运用扫描电镜法观察固形物的表面形貌,最终量化烟囱降雨中水分、固形物的来源.研究结果显示,即使脱硫系统、除雾器正常工作,饱和湿烟气在净烟道/烟囱壁面仍可形成的冷凝液膜,当疏水不畅、烟气流速过高的条件下,导致壁面液膜卷吸回流,从而构成烟囱雨中雨的主要来源;烟道/烟囱壁面累积黏附的飞灰、石膏等杂质,随冷凝液滴二次回流进入烟气,造成烟气中自携浆液浓度沿程呈增长趋势.烟囱降雨与烟道疏水冷凝液成分特性最为接近,“烟囱雨”中固形物为粉尘颗粒-板块状结垢的团聚体,也与冷凝水中固形物同源,降雨中固形物的成分取决于电厂除尘、脱硫、除雾器运行及疏水效率等元素的综合影响,该电厂烟囱降雨固形物中飞灰贡献率为63.1%.烟道/烟囱内冷凝液在疏水不畅的情况下的二次回流卷吸是产生烟囱雨的主要原因,基于此机理分析,需对湿烟道和湿烟囱进行优化改造,合理布置疏水系统,及时排出壁面冷凝液,以解决烟囱降雨问题.     

氟里昂替代品降解产物三氟乙酸的环境影响

氟里昂替代品在大气中的降解反应将产生大量的三氟乙酸,其在大气中可与ＯＨ 自由基反应生成三氟甲烷和二氧化碳,主要的去除机制是沉降和雨除,并在地面水中累积;本文还对其在地表水中的积累预测和背景值监测做了描述     

Spatial distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil around a municipal solid waste incinerator

The impact of a typical municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in the surrounding soil was studied. Six stack gas samples were taken from the MSWI and 21 soil samples were collected from sampling sites between 300 and 1700 m from the MSWI stack. The total (∑PCB) concentrations of dioxin-like (dl) PCBs and indicator PCBs in the stack gas samples were between 3.41 and 34.3 ng/m3, and the corresponding toxic equivalents (TEQs) ranged from 4.45 to 66.9 pg WHO-TEQ/m3, with a mean of 28.6 pg WHO-TEQ/m3. A total of 2.43 g WHO-TEQ of PCBs per year was calculated to be released into the environment from MSWIs in China. The ∑PCB concentrations in the soil samples ranged from 28.0 to 264.4 pg/g, with mean and median values of 127.6 and 127.7 pg/g, respectively, while the TEQ values were between 0.020 and 0.18 pg WHO-TEQ/g, with mean and median values of 0.074 and 0.062 pg WHO-TEQ/g, respectively. Comparing this study with other studies performed around the world suggest that PCB emission from incinerators has a critical influence on PCB concentrations in the surrounding soil. An exponential function equation is proposed, which indicates a clear decline in ∑PCB concentrations with increasing distance from the stack. A contour map created using an ordinary kriging interpolation technique showed that a limited area (1250 m radius) from the stack was clearly influenced by PCB emission from the MSWI.     

A capping technique for emergency response in offshore blowout accidents

Capping stack is an emergency shut-in technique that can effectively control offshore blowout accidents. This technique stemmed the spilled oil well (Macondo) in 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout accident. However, few efforts have been devoted to studying the way to efficiently and safely conduct the operation of capping stack. In this paper, program evaluation and review technique (PERT) was employed to quantitatively design the operation procedure of capping stack. A mechanical model was established to determine the configuration scheme of capping stack. And a sensitivity analysis of operational factors of capping stack was conducted through orthogonal tests. Experimental results recommend to optimize the operation process by reducing the working time of diamond cutting tool down-pass, Lower Marine Riser Package (LMRP) upper riser incision, LMRP and original Blowout Preventer (BOP) separation, and LMRP recovery, in order to guarantee that the whole operation can be completed as scheduled. The results show that the number of ram BOPs has little effect on the equivalent stress of conductors. To improve system reliability, a five-ram capping stack is recommended to be applied in the defined accident scenario. The maximum equivalent stress of conductors rates the drilling vessel offset as the primary factor, followed by shut-in pressure, ocean current and top tension. The drilling vessel offset needs to be given the priority control and the shut-in pressure should be jointly monitored.     

基于Web Services的重大危险源管理平台实践

重大危险源的监督管理是安全生产需要解决的问题之一。随着计算机技术的快速发展,信息化的手段已经在安全生产领域广泛应用。本文通过对Web Services技术的研究,详细分析了Web Services的体系结构,讨论了WSDL、SOAP、UDDI三个关键对象的构建。基于Web Services体系架构,根据对重大危险源的监管需求,本文实现了一个重大危险源管理平台,该平台是一个中心、多个部门、多个节点的B/S系统,通过该管理平台,可以有效的实现重大危险源的登记、查询、统计、应急管理等功能,为重大危险源的监管提供了信息化手段,有效提升了管理效率。